[1]王 维,王增国,贾 凯,等.2019～2023年西安地区1 019例青春期前儿童外阴阴道炎临床特征及病原菌学与药敏谱分析[J].现代检验医学杂志,2025,40(04):179-182,207.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7414.2025.04.032]
　WANG Wei,WANG Zengguo,JIA Kai,et al.Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity Spectrum of Pathogenic Bacteria in 1 091 Prepubertal Children with Vulvovaginitis in Xi’an Area from 2019 to 2023[J].Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine,2025,40(04):179-182,207.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7414.2025.04.032]
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2019～2023年西安地区1 019例青春期前儿童外阴阴道炎临床特征及病原菌学与药敏谱分析()

《现代检验医学杂志》[ISSN:/CN:]

卷:
第40卷
期数:
2025年04期
页码:
179-182,207
栏目:
论著
出版日期:
2025-07-15

文章信息/Info

Title:
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity Spectrum of Pathogenic Bacteria in 1 091 Prepubertal Children with Vulvovaginitis in Xi’an Area from 2019 to 2023
文章编号:
1671-7414（2025）04-179-05
作者:
王 维1a，王增国1a，贾 凯1a，强 欢1b，王 林2
（1. 西安市儿童医院 a. 检验科；b. 儿妇科，西安 710003；2. 西安市第一医院检验科，西安 710002）
Author(s):
WANG Wei1a，WANG Zengguo1a，JIA Kai1a，QIANG Huan1b，WANG Lin2
(1a. Department of Laboratory Medicine；1b. Department of Pediatric Gynecology，Xi’an Children Hospital，Xi’an 710003，China；2. Department of Laboratory Medicine，Xi’an NO.1 Hospital，Xi’an 710002，China)
关键词:
青春期前儿童; 外阴阴道炎; 病原菌; 耐药性; 西安地区
分类号:
R726.9；R446.5
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1671-7414.2025.04.032
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
目的 研究西安地区青春期前儿童外阴阴道炎的临床发病特征及常见致病菌谱耐药情况，为临床诊治提供参考。方法 选取西安市儿童医院2019 年1 月～ 2023 年12 月儿妇科确诊的1 019 例青春期前外阴阴道炎患儿（年龄< 10 岁）为研究对象，分析患儿临床特点及实验室病原菌培养药敏试验数据。结果 青春期前外阴阴道炎患儿在新型冠状病毒疫情结束后明显增加，2023 年较2019 年阳性检出率增加13.18%，相较于真菌感染，细菌性外阴阴道炎增加明显。确诊患儿以分泌物增多和外阴瘙痒为主要临床表现，随年龄增长，病原菌检出率有增加趋势，8 ～ <10 岁年龄段患儿阳性占比高达37.29%。实验室分离的常见病原菌为流感嗜血杆菌30.72%（313/1 019）、白假丝酵母菌28.46%（290/1 019）、化脓链球菌20.61%（210/1 019）；其在不同年龄段患儿中检出率差异具有统计学意义（χ2=279.26，382.97，83.48，均P<0.05）；其中8 岁前患儿外阴阴道炎主要为呼吸道源性细菌感染，8 ～ <10 岁年龄段与成人趋于一致，以念珠菌性外阴阴道炎为主。药敏试验结果显示流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林及头孢呋辛耐药率高，而对三代头孢敏感性较好；白假丝酵母菌对常用抗真菌药物敏感性均良好；化脓链球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松高度敏感，但对红霉素、克林霉素高度耐药（> 90%）。结论 西安地区青春期前儿童外阴阴道炎阳性率近年来有升高趋势，病原菌种类较集中且对常见抗生素敏感性良好。临床应早期送检标本，合理用药，加强良好卫生习惯引导，及时干预疾病发展。
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and pathogen resistance of vulvovaginitis among prepubertal children in Xi’an area, so as to provide valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 1 019 children (aged <10 years) diagnosed with prepubertal vulvovaginitis in Xi’an Children Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. The clinical characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. Results The number of children with prepubertal vulvovaginitis increased significantly after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive detection rate in 2023 increased by 13.18% compared to that in 2019, with a significant rise in bacterial vulvitis compared to fungal infection. Common clinical manifestations among diagnosed children included increased secretion and vulvar pruritus. As age increased, the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria also rose, reaching a high positive proportion of 37.29% among children aged 8 ~ <10 years old. Pathogenic bacteria isolated in the laboratory mainly consisted of Haemophilus influenzae (30.72%, 313/1 019), Candida albicans (28.46%, 290/1 019) and Streptococcus pyogenes (20.61%, 210/1 019). Notably, the detection rates of these pathogens exhibited significant variations among children of different age groups (χ2=279.26, 382.97, 83.48, all P <0.05). Among them, vulvitis in children under 8 years old were mainly caused by respiratory bacterial infections, while those aged 8 ～ <10 tended to be consistent with adults and were mainly caused by candidal vulvitis. The drug sensitivity test results indicated that Haemophilus influenzae exhibited high resistance rates to ampicillin and cefuroxime but good sensitivity to third-generation cephalosporins. Candida albicans showed good sensitivity to common antifungal drugs. Streptococcus pyogenes displayed high sensitivity to penicillin, ampicillin and ceftriaxone but strong resistance (> 90%) against erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusion The positive rate of vulvitis has been increasing among prepubertal children in Xi’an recent years. Pathogenic bacteria are concentrated and sensitive towards common antibiotics. Early submission of clinical samples, rational use of medications and reinforcement on healthy habits guidance are recommended for timely intervention in the development of the disease.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
基金项目：陕西省重点研发计划（2017SF-119）。
作者简介：王维（1987-），女，硕士，副主任技师，研究方向：微生物检验及细菌耐药性研究，E-mail：doctordian.dian@163.com。
通讯作者：王林（1988-），男，硕士，副主任技师，研究方向：临床检验诊断学，E-mail：719332278@qq.com。
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-07-15